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Termites are not as likely to be assaulted by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, as they are generally well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a high number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behaviour depends on the type of termite. By way of example, certain species feed on the timber constructions that they inhabit, and many others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate with other soldiers and a tiny force of workers starts to emerge. In the second stage, employees appear in massive numbers at the website. The next phase is marked by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour as an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always results in agonistic behavior towards one another, resulting in fights. These fights can lead to mortality on both sides and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of land.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies show that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the area and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not always occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites normally have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are employed in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which can be transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alert, trail and sex pheromones.
Route pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from 2 glandular sources: the sternal and tergal Get the facts glands.41 When termites go out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal residue or runways that are covered by items.
When termites construct their neststhey utilize predominantly site link indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any particular construction job. Individual termites respond rather than think, however in a group level, they exhibit a sort of collective cognition. Specific structures or other items like pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to begin building.
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The result is a self-organised process whereby the information that directs termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through click reference vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.